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赵敏英语——真题长难句破解(连载七)

In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. (2006)

 

🌳劈树:本句中包含四个谓语成份:“was”,“reminded”,“were”,“would be”,可以将原句切分为四个独立的小分句。

 

第一分句为:In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church;

 

第二分句为:which reminded worshippers;

 

第三分句为:that their souls were in danger;

 

第四分句为:and that they would someday be meat for worms;

 

🍀造竹:第一分句为主句,第二分句为“which”引导定语从句,修饰名词“church”,第三分句与第四分句为“that”引导的并列宾语从句,作“reminded”的宾语。

 

各分句中难词(词组)及在句中的含义:

 

mass communication (大众传媒)

literacy (读写,识字)

mass medium (大众媒介)

church (教会)

remind (提醒)

worshipper (做礼拜的人;祷告者)

in danger (处于危险之中)

worms (虫子)

 

分句详解

 

第一分句为:In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church;

 

其中“before mass communication and literacy”为插入结构表时间状语;

 

插入语“before mass communication and literacy”若翻译为“在大众传播、读书识字之前”略显生硬,所以可以补词翻译为 “在大众传播(出现)、(人们开始)读书识字之前”;

 

🍁第一分句翻译为:在西方,在大众传播(出现)、(人们开始)读书识字之前,最强有力的大众媒介是教会;

 

第二分句为:which reminded worshippers;

 

注意第二分句中“reminded”在本句中接双宾语,即“remind sb that …”,含义为“提醒某人某事”;

 

“which”指“the church”,翻译为“它”即可;

 

🍁第二分句翻译为:它提醒做礼拜的人;

 

第三分句为:that their souls were in danger;

 

第三分句中“their”指“worshippers’”,翻译为“他们”即可;

 

🍁第三分句翻译为:他们的灵魂处于危险之中;

 

第四分句为:and that they would someday be meat for worms;

 

第四分句中“they”也指“worshippers”,翻译为“他们”即可;

 

“meat”不要直接翻译为“肉”,需要翻译为“食物”;

 

🍁第四分句翻译为:有一天他们会成为蠕虫的食物;

 

🍭原文回顾:In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.

 

 

🌻全句翻译为:在西方,在大众传播(出现)、(人们开始)读书识字之前,最强有力的大众媒介是教会,它提醒做礼拜的人,他们的灵魂处于危险之中,有一天他们会成为蠕虫的食物。

 

🐯句式结构考点:定语从句,宾语从句并列;

 

🐌难度级别:🐷🐷🐷

 

🐝短语背诵:mass communication and literacy

                         mass medium

                         remind sb that…


Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.(2006)

 

🌳劈树:本句中共包含六个谓语成份:“need”,“did”,“remember”,“will die”,“ends”,“comes”,可以将原句切分为六个独立的小分句。

 

第一分句为:Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us;

 

第二分句为:as religion once did;

 

第三分句为:Memento mori: remember;

 

第四分句为:that you will die;

 

第五分句为:that everything ends;

 

第六分句为:and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it;

 

🍀造竹:第一分句为主句,第一分句中“surrounded by promises of easy happiness”为插入语过去分词表伴随;第二分句为插入语比较状语从句,由“as”引导;第三分句为宾语从句,作“tell”的宾语,省略“that”;第四分句、第五分句与第六分句为并列宾语从句,由“that”引导,作“remember”的宾语。

 

各分句中难词(词组)及在句中的含义:

 

surrounded by… (受到...的环绕/包围)

promises of… (对...的承诺)

Memento mori (记住死亡[拉丁语])

comes in (到来,获得)

deny (否认)

live with (接受,忍受)

 

分句详解

 

第一分句为:Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us;

 

“promises of easy happiness”不能直接翻译为“对于容易幸福的承诺”,而要翻译为“对于幸福轻易即可获得的承诺”;

 

“surrounded by promises of easy happiness”可以翻译为“受到对于幸福轻易即可获得的承诺的包围”,或翻译为“周围到处都是幸福轻易即可获得的承诺”;

 

🍁第一分句翻译为:今天,周围到处都是幸福轻易即可获得的承诺,我们需要艺术告诉我们;

 

第二分句为:as religion once did;

 

“did”指代“told us”,“as religion once did”可以翻译为“就如同宗教曾经告诉我们的那样”;

 

🍁第二分句翻译为:就如同宗教曾经告诉我们的那样;

 

第三分句为:Memento mori: remember;

 

第三分句中“Memento mori”是拉丁语,含义在冒号后解释为“remember that you will die…”;大家看“memento”同“memory”,“mori”同“mortality(必然死亡)”是否十分相像,因为英语词汇的根就在拉丁语。而如果大家不认识“Memento mori”,也可以不翻译。

 

🍁第三分句翻译为:记住死亡:记住;

 

第四分句为:that you will die;

 

🍁第四分句翻译为:你将会死去;

 

第五分句为:that everything ends;

 

“ends”的含义为“终结”;

 

🍁第五分句翻译为:一切均会终结;

 

第六分句为:and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it;

 

第六分句是本句中难度最大的一个分句,“this”指代“you will die, … everything ends”;

 

“happiness comes not in denying this”中含有否定表达“not”与“deny”,“not denying this”可以翻译为“不是否认这一点”,所以“happiness comes not in denying this”翻译为“幸福的获得不在于否认这一点”;

 

“ but living with it”中“it”指代“this”所指代的内容,即“you will die, … everything ends”,“but living with it”可以翻译为“而在于接受这一点”;

 

“happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it”句中“comes not in…but in...”的含义为“获得不在于…而在于…”,希望孩儿们能重视这种“not…but..”的强调结构。

 

🍁第六分句翻译为:而幸福的获得不在于否认这一点而在于接受这一点;

 

🍭原文回顾:Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.

 

🌻全句翻译为:今天,周围到处都是幸福轻易即可获得的承诺,我们需要艺术告诉我们,就如同宗教曾经告诉我们的那样,记住死亡:记住你将会死去,一切均会终结,而幸福的获得不在于否认这一点而在于接受这一点。

 

🐯句式结构考点:比较状语从句,插入语,并列结构,宾语从句;

 

🐌难度级别:🐷🐷🐷🐷

 

🐝短语背诵:

surrounded by promises of…

we need … to tell us…

remember that …, that …, and that…

not …  but …

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