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赵敏英语——真题长难句破解(连载二) |
As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback — a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. (2007阅读理解真题)
🌳劈树:原句中共有五个谓语成份:“have lost”,“had”,“could go into”,“got laid off”和“fell sick”,可以将原句分为五个独立的小分句。
第一分句为:As a result, they have lost the parachute;
第二分句为:they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner (usually Mom);
第三分句为:who could go into the workforce;
第四分句为:if the primary earner got laid off;
第五分句为:or fell sick;
🍀造竹:第一分句为主句,第二分句为定语从句,省略了引导词,修饰名词“the parachute”,第三分句为“who”引导的定语从句,修饰名词“a back-up earner”,第四、五分句为条件状语从句并列,第五分句省略了主语“the primary earner”。
难词(词组)及在句中的含义:
parachute (起到缓冲作用的)保护伞 financial setback 财务上的退步,经济困境 back-up earner 候补挣钱人 get laid off 遭到解雇
第一分句:As a result, they have lost the parachute;
“As a result” 含义为“结果是…”;
“parachute”的含义为“降落伞”,在本句中,根据上下文引申为“(起到缓冲作用的)保护伞”;
🍁第一分句翻译为:结果是他们失去了(起到缓冲作用的)保护伞;
第二分句:they once had in times of financial setback—a back-up earner (usually Mom);
“in times of...”的含义为“在…的时期”;
“setback”的含义为“退步,阻碍”;
“financial setback”的含义为“财务上的退步,经济困境”;
“in times of financial setback”的含义为“在经济处于困境的时期”;
“back-up”的含义为“支援的,候补的”;
“back-up earner”的含义为“候补挣钱人”;
🍁第二分句翻译为:他们在经济处于困境的时期曾经拥有的——一位后补的挣钱人(通常是母亲);
第三分句:who could go into the workforce;
“the workforce”含义为“劳动力市场”;
“could go into the workforce”的含义为“能够进入劳动力市场”,即“能够找到工作”;
🍁第三分句翻译为:这位后补的挣钱人(通常是母亲)能够进入劳动力市场(或:能够找到工作);
第二、第三分句作为定语从句,翻译时注意它们在全句中的位置,我们依据“短则前置,长则独立”的原则灵活处理。
第四分句:if the primary earner got laid off;
“primary”的含义为“主要的”;
“get laid off” 的含义为“遭到解雇”;
🍁第四分句翻译为:如果(家庭)主要挣钱人(经济支柱)遭到解雇;
第五分句:or fell sick;
“fell sick”的含义为“病倒,生病”;
🍁第五分句翻译为:或病倒;
第四、五分句合译为“如果(家庭)主要挣钱人(经济支柱)遭到解雇或病倒”;
原文回顾
As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback — a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.
🌻全句翻译为:结果是他们失去了(起到缓冲作用的)保护伞,(这是)他们在经济处于困境的时期曾经拥有的——一位后补的挣钱人(通常是母亲),这位后补的挣钱人(通常是母亲)(或:她们)能够进入劳动力市场(或:能够找到工作)如果(家庭)主要挣钱人(经济支柱)遭到解雇或病倒。
或翻译为:结果是他们失去了他们在经济处于困境的时期曾经拥有的——一位后补的挣钱人(通常是母亲)(这样一种起到缓冲作用的)保护伞,这位后补的挣钱人(通常是母亲)(或:她们)能够进入劳动力市场(或:能够找到工作)如果(家庭)主要挣钱人(经济支柱)遭到解雇或病倒。
或翻译为:结果是他们失去了在经济处于困境的时期曾经拥有的——一位如果(家庭)主要挣钱人(经济支柱)遭到解雇或病倒时能够进入劳动力市场(或:能够找到工作)的后补挣钱人(通常是母亲)这样一种起到缓冲作用的保护伞。
🐯句式结构考点:定语从句,条件状语从句;
🐌难度级别:🐷🐷🐷🐷
Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare.
🌳劈树:本句共有两个谓语成份:“have risen”,“are”,可以将原句切分为两个独立的小分句。
第一分句为:Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen;
第二分句为:and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare;
🍀造竹:第一分句同第二分句通过“and”构成并列结构,而破折号的使用使得第二分句对于第一分句具有补充说明的味道。
难词(词组)及在句中含义
absolute 绝对的 borne 携带,承担 health-saving 健康储蓄 legislative hall 立法大厅 deductible 自付额; 绝对免赔率; 免赔额 dose 剂量
分句详解
第一分句:Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen;
“Both...and...”含义为“…与...都......”;
“absolute cost”的含义为“绝对开销/支出”;
“healthcare”的含义为“医疗保障”;
“share”在本句中为名词,含义为“份额”;
“borne”是“bear”的过去分词,含义为“携带,承担”;
“it”在本句中指代“the absolute cost of healthcare”;
“risen”是“rise”的过去分词,含义为“上升了,增加了”;
🍁第一分句翻译为:医疗保障的绝对支出与家庭所承担的份额均增加了;
第二分句:and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare;
“newly”是副词,修饰“fashionable”;
“health-saving”的含义为“健康储蓄”;
“newly fashionable health-saving plans”的含义为“最新流行的健康储蓄计划”;
“spread from...to”的含义为“从…传播到…”;
“legislative halls”的含义为“立法大厅”;
“Wal-Mart workers”的含义为“沃尔玛员工”;
“and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers”翻译为“而且最新流行的健康储蓄计划正在从立法大厅传播到沃尔玛员工”;
“with”引导伴随状语结构,对前面内容的补充,说明结果,可以翻译为“导致”; “deductibles”的含义为“自付额; 绝对免赔率; 免赔额”;
“higher”为“high”的比较级,“much higher”的含义为“高的多的”;
“much higher deductibles”翻译为“高的多的自付额”;
“dose”的含义为“剂量”;
“a large new dose of investment risk”翻译为“新的大量的投资风险”;
“for families' future healthcare”翻译为“对于家庭未来的医疗保障”;
“with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare”翻译为“导致对于家庭未来的医疗保障(需要支付)高的多的自付额以及(产生)新的大量的投资风险”;
🍁第二分句翻译为:而且最新流行的健康储蓄计划正在从立法大厅传播到沃尔玛员工,导致对于家庭未来的医疗保障(需要支付)高的多的自付额以及(产生)新的大量的投资风险;
原文回顾
Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare.
🌻全句翻译为:医疗保障的绝对支出与家庭所承担的份额均增加了——而且最新流行的健康储蓄计划正在从立法大厅传播到沃尔玛员工,导致对于家庭未来的医疗保障(需要支付)高的多的自付额以及(产生)新的大量的投资风险。
🐯句式结构考点:并列结构,“with”引导伴随状语;
🐌难度级别:🐷🐷🐷🐷 |