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赵敏英语——真题长难句破解(连载一) |
(摘自2007年阅读真题)
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
🌳劈树:本句中共有两个谓语成份:“could count on”,“has been transformed”,可以将原句切分为两个独立的小分句。
第一分句为:During the past generation, the American middle-class family… has been transformed by economic risk and new realities;
第二分句为:that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure;
🍀造竹:第一分句为主句,第二分句为“that”引导定语从句,修饰“theAmerican middle-class family”,“that”在定语从句中作主语。
难词(词组)及在句中的含义
middle-classfamily (中产阶级家庭) count on(动词词组:指望) fairplay (名词词组:公平竞争) financially(经济方面的) secure (安全) transform(转变) economicrisk (名词词组:经济风险)
分句详解
第一分句为:During thepast generation, the American middle-class family… has been transformed by economic risk and new realities;
“During the past generation”是时间状语,“the past generation”的含义为“过去的一代”,“During the past generation”的含义为“在过去一代人的时间里”;
“the American middle-classfamily”的含义为“美国中产阶级家庭”;
“has been transformed”是完成时态的被动语态,含义为“得以改变”;
“economic risk and newrealities”的含义为“经济风险与新的现实”;
“by”表示“由于,因为”;
🍁第一分句翻译为:在过去一代人的时间里,美国中产阶级家庭(状况)已经由于经济风险与新的现实而得以改变;
第二分句为:that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure;
“once”的含义为“曾经”;
“counton”的含义为“依赖,指望”;
“hardwork and fair play”的含义为“努力工作与公平竞争”;
“to keep itself financially secure”为不定式作目的状语;
“keep...secure”的含义为“保持…安全”;
“itself financially”的含义为“其自身经济方面的”,所以“ keep itself financially secure”翻译为“保持其自身经济方面的安全”;
由于定语从句较长,内容较为复杂,所以可以将其从修饰语的位置上剥离出来,单独成句。
🍁第二分句翻译为:他们(美国的中产阶级家庭)曾经依赖努力工作和公平竞争来保持其自身经济方面的安全;
🍭原文回顾
Duringthe past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count onhard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformedby economic risk and new realities.
🌻全句翻译为:在过去一代人的时间里,美国中产阶级家庭(状况)已经由于经济风险与新的现实而得以改变,他们(美国的中产阶级家庭)曾经依赖努力工作和公平竞争来保持其自身经济方面的安全。
或翻译为:美国的中产阶级家庭曾经依赖努力工作和公平竞争来保持其自身经济方面的安全,而在过去一代人的时间里,这种状况已经由于经济风险与新的现实而得以改变。
🐯句式结构考点:定语从句,难点词汇:“middle-classfamily”,“counton”,“fair play”;
🐌难度级别:🐷🐷🐷
Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.
🌳劈树:原句中共有三个谓语成份,“have debated”,“have looked at”和“has risen”,可以将原句分为三个独立的小分句。
第一分句为:Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes;
第二分句为:but few have looked at the side effect:;
第三分句为:family risk has risen as well;
🍀造竹:第一分句同第二分句为转折关系的并列结构,第三分句是由冒号引出的同位语从句,对“the side effect”进行解释说明。
难词(词组)及在句中的含义:
scholar(学者) policymaker(政策制定者,决策者) critic(批评家) stripe(条纹) debate(辩论) implication(意义)
第一分句为:Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes;
“scholars”的含义为“学者”;
“policymakers”的含义为“政策制定者,决策者”;
“stripes”的含义为“条纹”,由于美国国旗为星条旗,也叫“Stars and Stripes”,故“stripes”在本句中含有引申为“各地;各行各业”;
“critics”的含义为“批评家们”;
“critics of all stripes”的含义为“各类批评家们”;
“debate”的含义为“辩论”;
“implications”的含义为“意义”;
“the social implications of these changes”的含义为“这些变化(所带来)的社会意义”;
🍁第一分句翻译为:学者、决策者和各类批评家就这些变化(所带来)的社会意义进行了辩论;
第二分句为:but few have looked at the side effect:;
“few”含义为“很少,几乎没有”,在本句中指“很少有人,几乎没有人”; “side effect”的含义为“负面效应,副作用”;
🍁第二分句翻译为:但很少有人看到(这一现象带来的)副作用:;
第三分句为:family risk has risen aswell;
“has risen as well”的含义为“也上升了,也增加了”;
🍁第三分句翻译为:家庭风险也增加了;
原文回顾
Scholars, policymakers, andcritics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.
🌻全句翻译为:学者、决策者和各类批评家就这些变化(所带来)的社会意义进行了辩论,但很少有人看到(这一现象带来的)副作用:家庭风险也增加了。
🐯句式结构考点:并列结构,同位语从句;
🐌难度级别:🐷🐷🐷🐷
🗿背景墙:美利坚合众国的国旗旗面由13道红白相间的宽条构成,左上角还有一个包含了50颗白色小五角星的蓝色长方形。50颗小星代表了美国的50个州,而13条间纹则象征着美国最早建国时的13块殖民地。华盛顿特区不属于任何一个州。旗面红色象征勇气,白色象征真理,蓝色则象征正义。旗帜俗称“星条旗”(Stars and Stripes),正式名称“合众国旗”(The Flag of the United States)。 |