To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

🌳劈树：本句含有三个谓语动词，“are”，“was needed”，“seems”，可以切分为三个分句。

第一分句： To those…, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst；

第二分句：who are unaware；

第三分句：that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines；

🍀造竹：第一分句为主句，第二分句为“who”引导的定语从句；第三分句为“that”引导的宾语从句。

各分句中难词（词组）及在句中的含义：

are unaware （没有意识到）

treatment （疗法，治疗）

vaccines （疫苗）

分句详解

第一分句： To those…, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst；

主语：animal research

谓语：seems

表语：wasteful at best and cruel at worst

状语：To those…

“wasteful at best and cruel at worst”按照字面含义理解是“最好是浪费，最糟是残忍”，其实它应该意译为“说得好听是浪费，说得不好听是残忍”或“往好里说是浪费，往坏里说是残忍”；

🍁第一分句翻译为：对于那些人而言，动物实验似乎说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍；

第二分句：who are unaware；

🍁第二分句翻译为：（他们）没有意识到；

第三分句：that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines；

主语：animal research

谓语：was needed

状语：to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines

“animal research was needed”在翻译时处理成主动表达，翻译为“（人们）需要动物实验”；

“to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines”中，“these treatments”同“new treatments and vaccines”由“as well as”并列连接；

“as well as...”在句中的含义为“以及…”；

“to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines”翻译为“来获得这些治疗方法以及新的治疗手段与疫苗”；

🍁第三分句翻译为：（人们）需要动物实验来获得这些治疗方法以及新的治疗手段与疫苗；

🍭原文回顾： To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

🌻全句翻译为：对于那些没有意识到（人们）需要动物实验来获得这些治疗方法以及新的治疗手段与疫苗的人而言，动物实验似乎说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。

或翻译为：（他们）没有意识到（人们）需要动物实验来获得这些治疗方法以及新的治疗手段与疫苗，对于那些人而言，动物实验似乎说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。

🐯句式结构考点：定语从句；宾语从句；

🐌难度级别：🐷🐷🐷🐷

🐝短语背诵：

as well as

… seems … at best and … at worst